A Visitor's Introduction to The Houses of Parliament

Why Visit the Houses of Parliament?

The Houses of Parliament are a must-visit for those interested in British history, architecture, and politics. Its stunning design, rich history, and role as a working seat of government make it an unparalleled attraction. Visitors can immerse themselves in centuries of political tradition, witness debates and ceremonies, and explore the magnificent interiors that have been the backdrop to many of the nation’s defining moments. The palace’s prime location along the River Thames, with nearby landmarks such as Westminster Abbey and the London Eye, makes it a perfect centrepiece for a day of sightseeing in London.

Houses of Parliament Historical Background

The site of the Palace of Westminster has served as a royal residence and seat of government since the 11th century. Originally built by Edward the Confessor in 1045, the old palace was used by monarchs until a devastating fire in 1834 destroyed much of the medieval structure. The palace was subsequently rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style by architect Charles Barry, with intricate detailing by Augustus Pugin. Completed in 1870, the new design emphasized grandeur and majesty, befitting the nation’s most important legislative body.

Today, the Palace of Westminster is home to both the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the UK Parliament. While it remains a working building where crucial decisions about the nation’s future are made, it is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, symbolising British democracy and governance.

Architectural and Interior Highlights

The Houses of Parliament are renowned for their striking architectural features, from the pinnacled towers and expansive facade to its intricately decorated interiors. Some of the key highlights include:

1. Big Ben (Elizabeth Tower): Perhaps the most recognisable feature of the palace, the Elizabeth Tower, popularly known as Big Ben, is the clock tower located at the northern end of the building. Standing 96 metres (316 feet) tall, it houses the Great Bell, commonly referred to as Big Ben, which strikes the hour with a deep and resonant chime. Recently restored, the tower remains one of London’s most photographed landmarks.

2. Westminster Hall: Dating back to 1097, Westminster Hall is the oldest surviving part of the original palace and one of the largest medieval halls in Europe. With its impressive hammer-beam roof, the hall has witnessed many significant events in British history, including coronation banquets, state trials, and addresses by world leaders. Today, it is used for major ceremonial events, such as lying-in-state occasions for monarchs and prominent public figures.

3. Central Lobby: The Central Lobby is a grand, octagonal hall that serves as the central point of the palace. Its ornate ceilings and walls, adorned with mosaics and statues representing the four nations of the United Kingdom—England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland—make it one of the most visually stunning parts of the building. The lobby is where the public can meet their Members of Parliament (MPs) and is often the starting point for tours.

4. House of Commons Chamber: The House of Commons Chamber is where elected MPs debate and make decisions on legislative matters. Known for its green leather benches and intimate layout, the chamber is designed to encourage vigorous debate. It was rebuilt after being damaged in World War II, with an emphasis on preserving its historic character.

5. House of Lords Chamber: In contrast to the House of Commons, the House of Lords Chamber is decorated in red and gold, symbolising tradition and opulence. This chamber is where appointed life peers, bishops, and hereditary peers review and suggest amendments to legislation. The focal point of the chamber is the ornate, gilded royal throne, used by the monarch during the State Opening of Parliament.

6. Victoria Tower: At the southwestern end of the palace, the Victoria Tower stands 98 metres (323 feet) tall and is the tallest square tower in the world. It was originally designed as a repository for parliamentary records and today houses the Parliamentary Archives. The tower is named in honor of Queen Victoria, during whose reign the rebuilt palace was completed.

Key Attractions and Activities

1. Guided Tours: Visitors can explore the Palace of Westminster through guided tours that provide access to key areas such as Westminster Hall, the Central Lobby, and both the Commons and Lords chambers. The tours offer fascinating insights into the history, architecture, and workings of Parliament. Visitors can choose between audio-guided tours and tours led by knowledgeable guides who provide detailed explanations and anecdotes.

2. Attending Debates and Committee Sessions: The Houses of Parliament is one of the few legislatures in the world that allows members of the public to observe debates and committee sessions. Visitors can watch proceedings from the public galleries in both the House of Commons and House of Lords. This experience provides a firsthand view of how the UK’s legislative process works and is ideal for those with an interest in politics and governance.

3. Special Exhibitions and Events: The Palace of Westminster hosts a range of exhibitions and events throughout the year, covering topics from British political history to contemporary issues. These exhibitions are often held in Westminster Hall and provide an opportunity to see rare documents, artifacts, and art related to Parliament.

4. Summer Opening: During the summer recess, when Parliament is not sitting, additional areas of the palace are open to visitors. This includes special exhibitions and themed tours that offer a deeper look at the history and heritage of the building.

Visitor Facilities and Practical Information

Opening Hours: The availability of tours and access to the Palace of Westminster varies throughout the year, depending on the parliamentary calendar. During parliamentary sessions, tours are offered on Saturdays and selected weekdays, while the palace is more extensively open to the public during the summer recess.

Tickets and Admission: Tickets for guided tours and access to debates can be purchased online through the UK Parliament website or on-site, though advance booking is recommended due to high demand. Admission fees vary depending on the type of tour or exhibition.

Accessibility: The Houses of Parliament is committed to providing access for all visitors. The palace offers step-free access, lifts, and accessible restrooms. Assistance dogs are welcome, and accessible viewing areas are available in the public galleries. Hearing loops and other aids are also provided for visitors with hearing impairments.

Café and Gift Shop: There is a café on-site that serves refreshments and light meals, offering visitors a place to relax before or after their tour. The gift shop, located near Westminster Hall, stocks a range of souvenirs, books, and gifts related to the history and role of Parliament.

Nearby Attractions

Westminster Abbey: Just a short walk from the palace, Westminster Abbey is a historic church where British monarchs have been crowned and buried since the 11th century. It is also the site of many royal weddings, including that of Prince William and Catherine Middleton.

Churchill War Rooms: Located a few minutes from Parliament, the Churchill War Rooms offer a glimpse into Britain’s wartime leadership. Visitors can explore the underground bunkers used by Winston Churchill and his cabinet during World War II.

London Eye: Situated on the opposite bank of the Thames, the London Eye provides spectacular panoramic views of the Houses of Parliament and the city’s skyline.

St. James’s Park: One of London’s most beautiful parks, St. James’s Park is an ideal place for a stroll after visiting Parliament. The park’s serene lake, well-kept gardens, and views of Buckingham Palace make it a popular spot for relaxation.