Discover York's City Walls | A Visitor's Introduction to The City Walls

York City Walls Historical Background

The origins of the York City Walls date back to the Roman period, around AD 71, when the Romans established the fort of Eboracum. The original Roman walls, though largely destroyed over time, set the blueprint for later defenses. The medieval walls we see today were primarily constructed between the 12th and 14th centuries, following the Norman Conquest. During this period, various sections were fortified, and several grand gateways, known as “bars,” were added to regulate entry and exit to the city. The most prominent of these include Bootham Bar, Monk Bar, Walmgate Bar, and Micklegate Bar.

The walls were reinforced and maintained through the medieval and Tudor periods and saw some military action during the English Civil War. Today, they are a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a protected Grade I listed structure.

Highlights of the York City Walls

1. Bootham Bar: This gateway is located near York Minster and is one of the oldest parts of the city walls, dating back to the 11th century. Its location made it a crucial point of defense against invaders from the north. The bar’s upper rooms now house a small museum, which showcases medieval weapons and local history.

2. Monk Bar: The tallest and most complex of York’s gateways, Monk Bar served as a self-contained fortress with four floors. It now houses the Richard III Experience, where visitors can learn about the controversial monarch and the role York played in his reign.

3. Micklegate Bar: The traditional ceremonial gateway into York, Micklegate Bar was where monarchs and important visitors were traditionally welcomed. Severed heads of traitors were displayed on its spikes until the 18th century. Today, it houses the Henry VII Experience, focusing on the Tudor king’s history and relationship with York.

4. Walmgate Bar: Unique among the bars, Walmgate Bar retains its barbican – a walled, external defense that helped protect the entrance. The bar is also distinctive for its wooden portcullis, one of the last of its kind in England. A café now occupies the upper floor, offering a place to rest while enjoying views over the city.

5. Tower Sections and Walkways: The wall walk itself offers a range of views, from panoramic sights of York Minster and other city landmarks to quieter stretches overlooking gardens, residential areas, and the River Ouse. Stone staircases provide access to the walls at various points, making it easy to explore individual sections or complete a full circuit.

Walking The City Walls

Walking the York City Walls is free and open to the public throughout most of the year. The main entrances to the walls are found at each of the bars, and there are also additional access points along the circuit. The walk is approximately 2 miles (3.4 km) in length and typically takes about 1.5 to 2 hours to complete, depending on stops and detours. The walls offer varying elevation, with some steep stairs and narrow pathways, so comfortable footwear is recommended. Not all sections of the walls are accessible to those with limited mobility, though some parts, such as sections near Monk Bar and Bootham Bar, are more accessible.

The walls provide excellent vantage points for photography, with plenty of opportunities to capture views of York Minster, the River Ouse, and other historic buildings. Plaques along the route offer information about specific points of interest, helping visitors understand the context and significance of what they are seeing

Facilities and Amenities

While the walls themselves are largely unaltered, the main bars offer additional facilities:

Visitor Centres: Both Monk Bar and Micklegate Bar have small exhibits and visitor information. These serve as good starting points for exploring the walls, providing historical context and maps.
Cafés and Rest Stops: There are several cafés and rest spots nearby, including a café within Walmgate Bar itself, which offers refreshments and seating with views over the city.
Public Restrooms: Restrooms are available at several points along the walk, particularly near the bars and in nearby parks and attractions like Museum Gardens.

Practical Information and Nearby Attractions

The walls are accessible year-round, but certain sections may be closed in adverse weather conditions for safety reasons. It’s advisable to check for closures before planning a walk, especially during winter months when ice and snow can make the walk hazardous.

The York City Walls are situated close to several other key attractions in the city:

York Minster: One of the largest Gothic cathedrals in Northern Europe, York Minster is a must-visit site, with its stunning stained-glass windows and intricate stonework.
The Shambles: Just a short walk from the walls, this medieval street is famous for its timber-framed buildings and quaint shops.
Jorvik Viking Centre: A few minutes from the walls, the Jorvik Centre takes visitors back to York’s Viking past, with interactive exhibits and archaeological displays.
Museum Gardens: Adjacent to the walls near Bootham Bar, the Museum Gardens are home to the ruins of St. Mary’s Abbey and the Yorkshire Museum.
York Castle Museum and Clifford’s Tower: Located close to the southeastern section of the walls, this museum offers a look into York’s social history, while Clifford’s Tower provides panoramic views of the city.

Tips for Visiting

Best Times to Visit: Early mornings or late afternoons are ideal for quieter walks, as the walls can get crowded during peak tourist hours.
Weather Considerations: Bring a jacket or umbrella as the walls are exposed to the elements. Sun protection is recommended in summer as there is little shade.
Plan for Stairs: Be prepared for multiple staircases and uneven surfaces. While not strenuous, the walk does require a moderate level of fitness.